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Rocking behaviour of multi-block columns subjected to pulse-typeground motion accelerations

机译：脉冲式地震动加速度作用下多块柱的摇摆特性

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摘要

Ancient columns, made with a variety of materials such as marble, granite, stone or masonry are an important part of the European cultural heritage. In particular columns of ancient temples in Greece and Sicily which support only the architrave are characterized by small axial load values. This feature together with the slenderness typical of these structural members clearly highlights as the evaluation of the rocking behaviour is a key aspect of their safety assessment and maintenance. It has to be noted that the rocking response of rectangular cross-sectional columns modelled as monolithic rigid elements, has been widely investigated since the first theoretical study carried out by Housner (1963). However, the assumption of monolithic member, although being widely used and accepted for practical engineering applications, is not valid for more complex systems such as multi-block columns made of stacked stone blocks, with or without mortar beds. In these cases, in fact, a correct analysis of the system should consider rocking and sliding phenomena between the individual blocks of the structure. Due to the high non-linearity of the problem, the evaluation of the dynamic behaviour of multi-block columns has been mostly studied in the literature using a numerical approach such as the Discrete Element Method (DEM). This paper presents an introductory study about a proposed analytical-numerical approach for analysing the rocking behaviour of multi-block columns subjected to a sine-pulse type ground motion. Based on the approach proposed by Spanos et al. (2001) for a system made of two rigid blocks, the Eulero-Lagrange method to obtain the motion equations of the system is discussed and numerical applications are performed with case studies reported in the literature and with a real acceleration record. The rocking response of single block and multi-block columns is compared and considerations are made about the overturning conditions and on the effect of forcing function’s frequency.
机译：用大理石，花岗岩，石材或砖石等多种材料制成的古柱是欧洲文化遗产的重要组成部分。特别是在希腊和西西里岛仅支持the的古庙宇柱子，其轴向载荷值较小。这些特征以及这些结构构件通常具有的细长性明显突出了，因为对摇摆行为的评估是其安全性评估和维护的关键方面。必须注意的是，自从Housner（1963）进行首次理论研究以来，已对广泛建模为整体刚性元件的矩形截面圆柱的摇摆响应进行了研究。但是，整体构件的假设虽然被广泛使用并在实际工程应用中被接受，但对于更复杂的系统（例如由堆积的石块制成的多块柱，带有或不带有砂浆床）无效。实际上，在这些情况下，对系统的正确分析应考虑结构各个块之间的摇摆和滑动现象。由于问题的高度非线性，文献中大多使用数值方法（例如离散元素方法（DEM））来研究多嵌段塔的动态行为。本文介绍了一种拟议的数值分析方法的介绍性研究，该方法用于分析多块正弦脉冲型地震动的摇摆行为。基于Spanos等人提出的方法。 （2001年）对于由两个刚性块组成的系统，讨论了获得系统运动方程的Eulero-Lagrange方法，并通过文献报道的案例研究和真实的加速度记录进行了数值应用。比较了单块和多块列的摇摆响应，并考虑了倾覆条件和强制函数频率的影响。

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